Depression During Pregnancy - An Examination Of The Underlying Causes

Suffering From Depression When Pregnant

There are hormonal changes taking place that are substantial and can trigger depressive illnesses and in more extreme cases even psychosis can be triggered. Did you know that the time period in a woman's life when she is most likely to be diagnosed with a mental illness is during her pregnancy or during the year following the birth of her baby?

For Those With A Previous Diagnosis Of Depression Or Mental Illness

For those women who have experienced mental illness before pregnancy, even in mild forms, these women are much more likely to have an experience again, but this time the symptoms are likely to be more extreme.

The underlying causes of depression during pregnancy are multi-various. The physical strains of pregnancy, such as sickness, fatigue and, for some, limited mobility can cause a woman's mood to be affected. These physical triggers do not only have a psychological effect but measurable physiological ones too: sickness can lead to imbalances in electrolytes with cascading consequences on hormones which can and do alter mood.

Whether it is due to fatigue, a body changing its shape or a lack of mobility, some women don't feel able to exercise during pregnancy. However numerous studies have shown that regular exercise is a valuable tool in helping to combat mild to moderate depression

Potential Triggers

There are a lot of potential triggers which make is understandable as to why some women will suffer from some level of depression for the first time in their lives during pregnancy. For existing sufferers the symptoms can become worse unfortunately.

Psychological factors will play an important fact as to whether women will be triggered into depression during pregnancy.

Multiple Miscarriages

Some women suffer a number of miscarriages or stillbirths. In these cases as the pregnancy progresses these women's chances of suffering from an increase in the symptoms of depression increases. The reason for this is that the feeling of uncertainty continues to increase.

When you think about the fact that many first time mothers are coping with feelings of fear regarding their own capabilities, then try to imagine how women who have never had a live birth, but have been pregnant must feel. These women deal with an intense fear of another failed pregnancy, which of course can have the catch 22 effect of increasing the symptoms of depression.

Coping

To cope with a pre-existing condition or a newly diagnosed condition, it may help to find a pregnancy buddy, who can help motivate you to take some physical exercise to begin. Even light physical exercise can help and as it does you may feel able to increase the level of exercise.

Talk to someone you can trust. This can either be a close family member or companion, or a suitable organisation.

Try to find something that you enjoyed doing when you were a child and do it for nothing more than amusement and therapy. This could be anything at all, especially anything that we do with our hands, like painting, sewing etc. Once you are working with your hands you will find you should alleviate stress to some degree.

We've heard it thousands of times, but get out into nature, it does work!!

For more extensive expert information on this subject, follow this link: depression during pregnancy. It will take you to the blog of Merrion Fetal Health, which is a medically run clinic for pregnancy scans, located in Ireland's capital city, Dublin. This clinic is led by some of Ireland's leading consultants.

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Dealing With Depression And Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a wondrous moment. It is the time when women are excited to be called moms. It is a great opportunity to learn about child's growth and development. But sometimes it can be the other way around. Pregnancy is not always such a happy experience for some. Pregnancy can also be a time for worry. It can also be a moment of confusion.

A woman's decision to begin a pregnancy carries with it the acceptance of the lifelong responsibility to be a parent. Ideally, effective parenting begins even before the moment of conception, when the woman confirms her desire to have a child and is physically and mentally prepared for the challenges of pregnancy, birth, and parenting.

However, most women go through a lot of changes during pregnancy that sometimes, it is causing them stress as well as numerous emotional and physical changes. As a result, many pregnant women develop depression during their pregnancies.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, so it's a commonly encountered pre-existing condition during pregnancy. Depression has both physiological as well a sociological causes. It is actually caused by a number of different factors. But, it is most likely to be linked to a change in the levels of chemicals in the brain. These chemicals govern our moods, and when they become disrupted, it can lead to depression.

During pregnancy, the rapid change in a woman's body's hormones can trigger a change in the levels of these chemicals, resulting in depression. Interestingly though, women have it twice as often as men, and among women, there is an increased tendency toward it during the reproductive years.

It has been proven that the rapid rise in hormone levels during pregnancy is actually a very common trigger for depression. At least 20% of pregnant women experience some depressive symptoms during their pregnancies, while 10% of pregnant women develop full-blown clinical depression. Depression during pregnancy is actually much more common then many people realize. At one time, health care professionals thought that pregnant women couldn't suffer from depression because of their pregnancy hormones. It was believed that these hormones protected against mood disorders like depression.

Any pregnant woman can be dealing with depression at any point throughout her pregnancy. There are several causes of it during pregnancy, some of which are the following:

∑ having a personal or family history of depression
∑ relationship or marital conflict
∑ age at time of pregnancy
∑ unplanned pregnancy
∑ living alone
∑ limited social support
∑ previous miscarriage
∑ pregnancy confusions and complications
∑ history of emotional, physical or sexual abuse

Dealing with depression can often drain a woman's desire and energy, pregnant women with the disorder may not seek appropriate prenatal care. Depression during pregnancy may also increase the likelihood that a pregnant woman will abuse alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs during pregnancy. When it is most severe, clinically diagnosed depression can be a psychiatric emergency. Because a woman is in a very difficult period of adjustment and less likely to climb out of her despair, hopelessness, and suffering, she poses a danger to herself and her new baby.

Pregnancy is a particularly active field for depression to either start anew or worsen if already a problem. The extra physical, financial, marital, and sexual stresses come whether one is ready or not. On top of that, any new feelings of poor self-image can reinforce depression's already negative self-image problems.

Preparing for a new baby is a lot of hard work, but a woman's health should come first. A pregnant woman should resist the urge to get everything done, she should limit her activities and do things that will help her relax. Talking about things that concern a pregnant woman is also very important during these difficult times. A pregnant woman should ask for support, which most often than not, she will get. Remember that taking care oneself is an essential part of taking care of the unborn child.

To find out more about dealing with depression, come and stop by http://www.panicanxietydepression.net/dealing-with-depression/ for more information

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Postpartum depression:Overview

Postpartum depression is a common depression which occur during and after pregnancy. Depression which occurs within 6 months of childbirth may be postpartum depression. About 20 percent of pregnant women and new mothers have depression. Many women stuck in depression web right after childbirth, some women get depression only after several weeks or months. Postpartum depression can led to feeling of restless, anxious and worthless. Some new moms worry so that sometimes they hurt themselves or their babies.Many moms even stop having a regular diet, have trouble sleeping because of this depression . Women with these condition need to be hospitalized.

What causes Postpartum depression
• Previous postpartum depression
• Depression not related to pregnancy
• Severe premenstrual syndrome
• A troubled marriage or relationship
• Loneliness
• Stress during pregnancy or after childbirth

How to help yourself
• Find someone to talk to and tell that person about how you feel.
• Get in touch with a person who can help you with child care.
• Find a NGOs,support groups in your area .
• Every day, write down your emotions and feelings in a diary
• Be honest about how much you can do, and ask other people to help you when you need it.
• Be honest about how much you can do, and ask other people to help you when you need it.

If Self help does not Work much
• Do not worry much if self help does not give you the result. Postpartum depression is treated much like any other depression. Counseling and medicines can all help. Talk with your doctor about what treatment is best for you and you definitely get rid of it.

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Depression During and After Pregnancy

A Resource for Women, Their Families, and Friends

“I have trouble eating and sleeping.
I feel lonely, sad, and don’t have the energy to get things done. Sometimes
I don’t even want to hold my baby. If this is supposed to be the happiest time
of my life, why does everything feel so wrong?”

For many mothers, the experience of pregnancy and childbirth is often
followed by sadness, fear, anxiety, and difficulty making decisions.
Many women have difficulty finding the energy to care for themselves,
their infants, and their families. Some even have feelings about harming
themselves and their children.
If this sounds like you or someone you know, there are two important
things you should know.

You are not alone.
Help is near.

Did things change after you became pregnant? Are things different than
you expected as a new mother? Are you tired, anxious, sad, and confused?
This booklet will begin to explain the possible causes for your feelings—and
more importantly— how to find the help you need.

Depression during or after pregnancy refers to a broad range of physical and emotional struggles that many women face. You may have heard this called the “Baby Blues,” Postpartum Depression, Maternal Depression, Prenatal Depression, Postnatal Depression, or Perinatal
Depression. In this booklet, we will call it Perinatal Depression. Perinatal Depression can be mild, moderate or severe. It can occur during pregnancy or within a year after the end of your pregnancy.
Without treatment, symptoms may last a few weeks, months, or even years. In rare cases, the symptoms are severe and indicate potential danger to the mother and baby. In all cases, help is available.


“Everybody expects me to be the perfect mother, but I just can’t do it. Sometimes
I feel like I can’t even care for my baby.”

What Causes Perinatal Depression?
There are a number of reasons why you may get depressed. As a woman, your body undergoes many changes during and after pregnancy. You may experience mood swings. A new baby will change your sleeping schedule and your lifestyle. In addition, there are many pressures to be
the perfect mother.
Some women have family members with depression, some women have had depression in their own past, and for some women, the cause is unclear. But for every woman who suffers Perinatal Depression, the causes are as unique as she is.

Perinatal Depression – It’s More Than the Baby Blues
Many new mothers experience the Baby Blues. This is a very common reaction during the first few days after delivery. Symptoms include crying, worrying, sadness, anxiety, mood swings, trouble concentrating, difficulty sleeping, and not feeling yourself.
The Baby Blues is not the same as Perinatal Depression and does not require medical attention. With time, patience, and the support of family and friends, symptoms linked with the Baby Blues will usually disappear within a few days or within 1 to 2 weeks. If they don’t, it may
be a sign of a bigger problem, and you should seek medical help.


“I was so excited I decorated the nursery months before the baby
arrived. But when she came, it was not a dream. I had no energy to smile or
even to cry. I didn’t even want to pick her up. This was not how I thought it
was going to be, and I was ashamed of how I felt.”


Who Is at Risk?
Perinatal Depression can affect any woman—regardless of age, race,income, culture, or education. It affects women who breastfeed and those who don’t. It affects women with healthy babies and those whose children are ill. It affects first-time mothers and those with more than
one child. It affects women who are married and those who are not.
Women who had problems during pregnancy—and those who didn’t— may experience depression. Because Perinatal Depression is a health problem, it is not the fault of any woman.
A family history of depression or bipolar disorder, a history of alcohol or drug abuse, a recent stressful event, relationship or financial problems, or a previous pregnancy with Perinatal Depression increases a woman’s chances of having Perinatal Depression.

Types of Perinatal Depression Even before the arrival of the baby, some women experience Depression During Pregnancy. Pregnant women commonly face a large number of challenges, including morning sickness, weight gain, and mood swings. Symptoms such as feeling really tired, appetite changes and poor sleep are often dismissed as “just part of pregnancy,” but if the
things you do every day are affected, you should consider seeking help. Whether the pregnancy was planned or unexpected, the changes that your body and emotions go through during pregnancy are very real—and so are the risks of Perinatal Depression during this time.


“I just wish that I could laugh and be happy. When will my sadness go away?”

About one in eight women suffers a form of Perinatal Depression known as Postpartum Depression. Symptoms can begin at birth or any time in the first year after giving birth.
Common symptoms for perinatal depression include:
• Sad feelings
• Feeling very anxious or worrying too much
• Being irritable or cranky
• Trouble sleeping (even when tired) or sleeping too much
• Trouble concentrating or remembering things
• Trouble making decisions
• Loss of interest in caring for yourself (for example, dressing,
bathing, fixing hair)
• Loss of interest in food, or overeating
• Not feeling up to doing everyday tasks
• Frequent crying, even about little things
• Showing too much (or not enough) concern for the baby
• Loss of pleasure or interest in things you used to enjoy
(including sex)

A very small number of women (one or two in 1000) suffer a rare and severe form of Perinatal Depression called Postpartum Psychosis. Women who have a bipolar disorder or other psychiatric problem may have a higher risk for developing this form of Perinatal Depression.
Symptoms of Postpartum Psychosis may include:
• Extreme confusion
• Hopelessness
• Cannot sleep (even when exhausted)
• Refusing to eat
• Distrusting other people
• Seeing things or hearing voices that are not there
• Thoughts of hurting yourself, your baby, or others
If you or someone you know fits this description, please
seek medical help immediately. This is a medical emergency
requiring URGENT care.


Am I a Good Mother?
“I was worried about what would happen if people thought I couldn’t be
a good mother. But when I got help, I realized that I was still the one in
control.”


How Do I Know if I Have Perinatal Depression?

Only a trained health care or mental health professional can tell you whether you have Perinatal Depression. However, the following checklist can help you know whether you have some of the common symptoms. Mark the box if the statement sounds familiar to you.
During the past week or two –
I have been unable to laugh and see the funny side of things.
I have not looked forward to things I usually enjoy.
I have blamed myself unnecessarily when things went wrong.
I have been anxious or worried for no good reason.
I have felt scared or panicky for no good reason.
Things have been getting the best of me.
I have been so unhappy that I have had difficulty sleeping.
I have felt sad or miserable.
I have been so unhappy that I have been crying.
The thought of harming myself, my baby, or others has occurred to me.
Did you check more than one box? If so, we encourage you to visit with
a trained health care or mental health care professional who can help
determine if you are suffering from Perinatal Depression and advise a
course of action.
Checklist adapted from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Cox, J.L., Holden,
J.M. & Sagovsky, R. (1987). “Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-
item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.” British Journal of Psychiatry, 150,782-876.


“Some of the symptoms sounded just like me. I knew it was important to talk to my doctor.”

If I Have Perinatal Depression, What Can I Do?
Some women may find it hard talking about Perinatal Depression.
They may be unsure if they have it or how to discuss it. They may wish to deal with their problem secretly and hope that it goes away on its own.
These feelings are more common than one would expect. However, every woman must realize that she is not alone. Perinatal Depression affects thousands of women and can be treated successfully. It is possible to feel better. Here are some things that can help.
1. Lean on Family and Friends
There are many ways that family and friends can help you. A few hours of weekly child care can give you a much-needed break. Get help cleaning the house or running errands. When you share your feelings openly with friends and family, it allows them to provide the important support that you need.
2. Talk to a Health Care Professional Screening for Perinatal Depression should be a routine part of your health care during and after pregnancy. Health care professionals— such as your doctor, your baby’s doctor, a nurse, or other health care provider—are familiar with Perinatal Depression. They know ways to help, and can explain your options to you. An easy way to raise the subject is to bring this booklet with you to the provider’s office. Show the items that you checked and discuss them. Say that you were reading the booklet and some of it sounds familiar to you. If you feel that your provider does not understand what you are going through, please do
not give up. There are many excellent providers who do understand Perinatal Depression, who are ready to listen to you, and who can put you on the road to recovery.



“Meeting with my support group is the best part of the week. When I found
women going through the same things as me, I didn’t feel so lonely any more.
Now we are moving forward together, hand in hand.”

3. Find a Support Group
Although you may not know it, there are probably other women in your community suffering from Perinatal Depression. Finding them can give you a chance to learn from others and to share your own feelings. Ask your health care professional how to find and join a support group.
4. Talk to a Mental Health Care Professional
Many mental health professionals have special training to help women with Perinatal Depression. They can give you a safe place to express your feelings and help you find the best ways to manage and even get rid of your symptoms. When choosing counselors or other professionals, ask if they have experience in treating Perinatal Depression. They have
helped other women with depression and they can help you too!
5. Focus on Wellness
An important step toward treating Perinatal Depression is taking care
of your body. A healthy diet combined with exercise can help you gain
your lost energy and feel strong. Consider these suggestions:
Food
• Eat breakfast in the morning to start your day right
• Eat a variety of foods from all food groups, including two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables each day
• Choose healthy snacks like non-fat milk, yogurt, fruit, and nuts
• Avoid alcohol use

“When my doctor suggested taking medicine, I wasn’t sure. But it turned
out to be the best decision for me. I feel so much better now.”

Exercise
• Invite your friends to go on walks in your neighborhood or to the park
• Try a new activity, such as swimming or biking
• Take time to stretch and strengthen your muscles In addition, by prioritizing the most important things in your life and letting go of what is least important, you can clear your mind to focus on your own health and well-being.
6. Take Medication as Recommended by Your Health Care Provider
Sometimes medications are necessary in the treatment of depression.
As with any medications or medical treatment, you should talk to your health care provider about which medication, if any, may be best for you. Become an educated consumer and find out information about treatment options.
Additional information resources are available on page 21 of this booklet.
How Can Perinatal Depression Affect
My Baby and My Family?
The symptoms of Perinatal Depression often create a very difficult situation for families. For infants, the effects of Perinatal Depression can be serious. There is a greater chance of babies arriving too small or too early, or having problems in learning and behavior as they grow
older. Older children suffer when they lose the attention and support of their mother. Loved ones suffer because they don’t know what to do or how to help. Other family members are often called upon to fill the gap. Because Perinatal Depression affects the entire family, it is critical
that family members recognize the symptoms and help their loved one seek help.


“Something wasn’t right in our family. She felt so much sadness instead of joy.
Together we decided to get help. Now that I understand what is happening,
I can offer her more of the support she needs.”

Advice for Fathers, Family, and Friends If you know a woman who has the symptoms of Perinatal Depression, this is how you can help.
As a Spouse or Partner:
• Encourage her to seek help. This is the quickest path to recovery.
• Offer support and encouragement. Your positive actions and words can reduce some of her suffering.
• Listen. Her feelings are real. Let her express them to you.
• Allow her to focus on her own needs. Physical and social activities help women suffering from Perinatal Depression feel stronger, more relaxed, and better about themselves.
• Take time for yourself. It is important for spouses and partners to continue with their work, hobbies, and outside relationships. As a Friend or Family Member:
• Ask the mother how you can help, including baby-sitting and house cleaning.
• Let her know you are there for her, even if she doesn’t like talking.
• Understand that the father may also feel stressed from the changes that come with being a new father or by a partner who is suffering from Perinatal Depression.
Where Can I Get More Information?
There are many excellent resources on Perinatal Depression. At your local public library, you can use the Internet or check out books to get important information. There are telephone hotlines and support services where you can ask questions. Also, your health care provider
may have additional resources. The more you understand about Perinatal Depression, the better you will be able to care for yourself and the ones you love. A list of resources is located on page 21.



“I recognized the symptoms and took charge. It was not easy, but with
support from my family, friends, and doctors, and drawing on my own
personal strength, I overcame Perinatal Depression and today I am moving
forward. My family is well. My baby is well. And most importantly, I am well.”

Where Help is Available
Postpartum Support International
Phone: 800-944-4PPD (800-944-4773) / Internet address: http:// www.postpartum.net
For information on treatment, support groups and resources in the United States and 25 countries.
Postpartum Education for Parents
Phone: 805-967-7636 / Internet address: http://www.sbpep.org
A 24-hour support line is available for one-to-one support, from basic infant care
to the baby blues and other perinatal topics.
(This may be a Long Distance call.)
1-800-311-BABY (1-800-311-2229)
(In Spanish: 800-504-7081)
For information on prenatal services in your community.
Additional Resources
National Mental Health Association
Phone: 800-969-NMHA (800-969-6642) / Internet address: http://www.nmha.org
For information on Perinatal Depression, including a locator
to find a mental health center or provider in your area.
SAMHSA National Mental Health Information Center
Phone: 800-789-2647 / Internet address: http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov
For information on depression, including a locator
to find a mental health center in your area.
National Women’s Health Information Center
Phone: 800-994-WOMAN (800-994-9662)
Internet address: http://www.4woman.gov or http://www.womenshealth.gov
Frequently asked questions about depression and pregnancy are available on the Web site.
National Institute of Mental Health
Phone: 866-615-6464 / Internet address: http://www.nimh.nih.gov
The Web site has links to health information and research studies on depression.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
Phone: 800-762-2264 / Internet Address: http://www.acog.org
Resources for you and your health care provider.

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Depression during and after pregnancy fact sheet

What is depression?

Depression is more than just feeling "blue" or "down in the dumps" for a few days. It's a serious illness that involves the brain. With depression, sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings don't go away and interfere with day-to-day life and routines. These feelings can be mild to severe. The good news is that most people with depression get better with treatment.

How common is depression during and after pregnancy?

Depression is a common problem during and after pregnancy. About 13 percent of pregnant women and new mothers have depression.

How do I know if I have depression?

When you are pregnant or after you have a baby, you may be depressed and not know it. Some normal changes during and after pregnancy can cause symptoms similar to those of depression. But if you have any of the following symptoms of depression for more than 2 weeks, call your doctor:

• Feeling restless or moody
• Feeling sad, hopeless, and overwhelmed
• Crying a lot
• Having no energy or motivation
• Eating too little or too much
• Sleeping too little or too much
• Having trouble focusing or making decisions
• Having memory problems
• Feeling worthless and guilty
• Losing interest or pleasure in activities you used to enjoy
• Withdrawing from friends and family
• Having headaches, aches and pains, or stomach problems that don't go away

Your doctor can figure out if your symptoms are caused by depression or something else.

What causes depression? What about postpartum depression?

There is no single cause. Rather, depression likely results from a combination of factors:

• Depression is a mental illness that tends to run in families. Women with a family history of depression are more likely to have depression.
• Changes in brain chemistry or structure are believed to play a big role in depression.
• Stressful life events, such as death of a loved one, caring for an aging family member, abuse, and poverty, can trigger depression.
• Hormonal factors unique to women may contribute to depression in some women. We know that hormones directly affect the brain chemistry that controls emotions and mood. We also know that women are at greater risk of depression at certain times in their lives, such as puberty, during and after pregnancy, and during perimenopause. Some women also have depressive symptoms right before their period.

Depression after childbirth is called postpartum depression. Hormonal changes may trigger symptoms of postpartum depression. When you are pregnant, levels of the female hormones estrogen (ESS-truh-jen) and progesterone (proh-JESS-tur-ohn) increase greatly. In the first 24 hours after childbirth, hormone levels quickly return to normal. Researchers think the big change in hormone levels may lead to depression. This is much like the way smaller hormone changes can affect a woman's moods before she gets her period.

Levels of thyroid hormones may also drop after giving birth. The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that helps regulate how your body uses and stores energy from food. Low levels of thyroid hormones can cause symptoms of depression. A simple blood test can tell if this condition is causing your symptoms. If so, your doctor can prescribe thyroid medicine.

Other factors may play a role in postpartum depression. You may feel:

• Tired after delivery
• Tired from a lack of sleep or broken sleep
• Overwhelmed with a new baby
• Doubts about your ability to be a good mother
• Stress from changes in work and home routines
• An unrealistic need to be a perfect mom
• Loss of who you were before having the baby
• Less attractive
• A lack of free time

Are some women more at risk for depression during and after pregnancy?

Certain factors may increase your risk of depression during and after pregnancy:

• A personal history of depression or another mental illness
• A family history of depression or another mental illness
• A lack of support from family and friends
• Anxiety or negative feelings about the pregnancy
• Problems with a previous pregnancy or birth
• Marriage or money problems
• Stressful life events
• Young age
• Substance abuse

Women who are depressed during pregnancy have a greater risk of depression after giving birth.

What is the difference between "baby blues," postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis?

Many women have the baby blues in the days after childbirth. If you have the baby blues, you may:

• Have mood swings
• Feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed
• Have crying spells
• Lose your appetite
• Have trouble sleeping

The baby blues most often go away within a few days or a week. The symptoms are not severe and do not need treatment.

The symptoms of postpartum depression last longer and are more severe. Postpartum depression can begin anytime within the first year after childbirth. If you have postpartum depression, you may have any of the symptoms of depression listed above. Symptoms may also include:

• Thoughts of hurting the baby
• Thoughts of hurting yourself
• Not having any interest in the baby

Postpartum depression needs to be treated by a doctor.

Postpartum psychosis (seye-KOH-suhss) is rare. It occurs in about 1 to 4 out of every 1,000 births. It usually begins in the first 2 weeks after childbirth. Women who have bipolar disorder or another mental health problem called schizoaffective (SKIT-soh-uh-FEK-tiv) disorder have a higher risk for postpartum psychosis. Symptoms may include:

• Seeing things that aren't there
• Feeling confused
• Having rapid mood swings
• Trying to hurt yourself or your baby

What should I do if I have symptoms of depression during or after pregnancy?

Call your doctor if:

• Your baby blues don't go away after 2 weeks
• Symptoms of depression get more and more intense
• Symptoms of depression begin any time after delivery, even many months later
• It is hard for you to perform tasks at work or at home
• You cannot care for yourself or your baby
• You have thoughts of harming yourself or your baby

Your doctor can ask you questions to test for depression. Your doctor can also refer you to a mental health professional who specializes in treating depression.

Some women don't tell anyone about their symptoms. They feel embarrassed, ashamed, or guilty about feeling depressed when they are supposed to be happy. They worry they will be viewed as unfit parents.

Any woman may become depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby. It doesn't mean you are a bad or "not together" mom. You and your baby don't have to suffer. There is help.

Here are some other helpful tips:

• Rest as much as you can. Sleep when the baby is sleeping.
• Don't try to do too much or try to be perfect.
• Ask your partner, family, and friends for help.
• Make time to go out, visit friends, or spend time alone with your partner.
• Discuss your feelings with your partner, family, and friends.
• Talk with other mothers so you can learn from their experiences.
• Join a support group. Ask your doctor about groups in your area.
• Don't make any major life changes during pregnancy or right after giving birth. Major changes can cause unneeded stress. Sometimes big changes can't be avoided. When that happens, try to arrange support and help in your new situation ahead of time.

How is depression treated?

The two common types of treatment for depression are:

• Talk therapy. This involves talking to a therapist, psychologist, or social worker to learn to change how depression makes you think, feel, and act.
• Medicine. Your doctor can prescribe an antidepressant medicine. These medicines can help relieve symptoms of depression.

These treatment methods can be used alone or together. If you are depressed, your depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

What can happen if depression is not treated?

Untreated depression can hurt you and your baby. Some women with depression have a hard time caring for themselves during pregnancy. They may:

• Eat poorly
• Not gain enough weight
• Have trouble sleeping
• Miss prenatal visits
• Not follow medical instructions
• Use harmful substances, like tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs

Depression during pregnancy can raise the risk of:

• Problems during pregnancy or delivery
• Having a low-birth-weight baby
• Premature birth

Untreated postpartum depression can affect your ability to parent. You may:

• Lack energy
• Have trouble focusing
• Feel moody
• Not be able to meet your child's needs

As a result, you may feel guilty and lose confidence in yourself as a mother. These feelings can make your depression worse.

Researchers believe postpartum depression in a mother can affect her baby. It can cause the baby to have:

• Delays in language development
• Problems with mother-child bonding
• Behavior problems
• Increased crying

It helps if your partner or another caregiver can help meet the baby's needs while you are depressed.

All children deserve the chance to have a healthy mom. And all moms deserve the chance to enjoy their life and their children. If you are feeling depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby, don't suffer alone. Please tell a loved one and call your doctor right away.

More information on depression during and after pregnancy

For more information about depression during and after pregnancy, call womenshealth.gov at 800-994-9662 (TDD: 888-220-5446) or contact the following organizations:

• American Psychological Association
  Phone: 800-374-2721
• Mental Health America
  Phone: 800-969-NMHA
• National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, HHS
  Phone: 301-496-9576
• Postpartum Education for Parents
  Phone: 805-564-3888
• Postpartum Support International
  Phone: 800-944-4PPD, 800-944-4773
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration Publications, SAMHSA, HHS
  Phone: 800-789-2647

source:womenshealth.gov

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Depression During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

While many women are aware of postpartum depression, little is often said about depression during pregnancy. Some women might think the fatigue, mood changes, or changes in appetite they have during pregnancy are normal symptoms. In reality, those signs could be a signal that the woman is suffering from depression.

What are the symptoms of depression during pregnancy?

Crystal Clancy is a specialist in perinatal mental health who often works with women suffering from depression or other mental health disorders during pregnancy. She says that some of the most common symptoms of depression during pregnancy include:

• Feeling sad, overwhelmed or hopeless
• Fatigue
• Not sleeping well or sleeping too much
• Appetite changes (particular cravings or food doesn’t sound appetizing at all)
• Isolating yourself from others
• Not finding fun or enjoyment in anything

“Sometimes there are thoughts of suicide, or death, or even of just wanting to run away—called ‘escapist fantasies.’” Clancy says.

Is it just the pregnancy or is it really depression?

Some women have a difficult time deciding if they are actually suffering from depression or if their symptoms are normal. Clancy notes that it is important to look at the duration the woman has been experiencing symptoms. She says: “If symptoms are lasting longer than two weeks or increasing even before that, we start to look at the possibility of a depressive episode.”

What are the recommended treatment options for depression during pregnancy?

A study published in 2009 noted that only 18 percent of women who have major depressive disorders during pregnancy seek treatment. Some women might not realize the condition is serious, while others might not want to let anyone know they are having feelings of depression. It can be difficult for a woman to admit she is feeling depressed during a time when she feels she should be the happiest.

“Cognitive-behavioral therapy is really good and addresses the sad, negative thought processes that most women are experiencing when depressed,” Clancy says. “Another important part of treatment is self-care— good old eating, sleeping and exercise.”

Is it safe to take antidepressant medication during pregnancy?

One study has shown that it isn’t always easy to determine if taking antidepressant medication during pregnancy is the correct choice. The study noted that women who took SSRI’s during pregnancy had increased chances of having a baby with delayed head growth and preterm birth. The study also showed that pregnant women with untreated depression had similar risks, as they also have an increased chance of having a baby born with delayed head growth.

Clancy notes that when it comes medication, weigh the risks against the benefits. If a woman is depressed and not taking care of herself or her baby, would it be more harmful for her to continue as she is, or take a medication that could help her find balance? She says it is important for women to find a practitioner who has an understanding of safe medications and treatment for depression during pregnancy.

Should women continue to receive treatment for depression after the baby is born?

Clancy says it a great idea for women to continue receiving treatment after the baby is born.

“Many times women are feeling better, and then the baby is born and BOOM! they are back to not sleeping well, feeling overwhelmed and the normal adjustment of having a baby,” she says. “That can lead to another depressive episode.”

She notes that having support is beneficial, so women should reach out for help.

Although the choice for how to treat depression during pregnancy might be difficult, it is important for women to reach out for help. Clancy says that women need to know they don’t have to suffer alone, and they should get help if they are struggling. Women should locate resources, ask for help, take others up on offers to help or bring meals, and build a village of support.

source:http://www.maternity.com

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Depression During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is supposed to be one of the happiest times of a woman's life, but for many women this is a time of confusion, fear, sadness, stress, and even depression. According to The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG), between 14-23% of women will struggle with some symptoms of depression during pregnancy.

Depression is a mood disorder that affects 1 in 4 women at some point during their lifetime, so it should be no surprise that this illness would also touch women who are pregnant. But all too often, depression is not diagnosed properly during pregnancy because people think it is just another type of hormonal imbalance. This assumption can be dangerous for the mother and the unborn baby.

Depression is an illness that can be treated and managed during pregnancy, but the first step, seeking out help and support, is the most important.

What is depression during pregnancy?

Depression during pregnancy, or antepartum depression, is a mood disorder just like clinical depression. Mood disorders are biological illnesses that involve changes in brain chemistry. During pregnancy, hormone changes can affect brain chemicals, which are directly related to depression and anxiety. These can be exacerbated by difficult life situations, which can result in depression during pregnancy.

What are the signs of depression during pregnancy?

Women with depression usually experience some of the following symptoms for 2 weeks or more:

• Persistent sadness
• Difficulty concentrating
• Sleeping too little or too much
• Loss of interest in activities that you usually enjoy
• Recurring thoughts of death, suicide, or hopelessness
• Anxiety
• Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• Change in eating habits

What are possible triggers of depression during pregnancy?

• Relationship problems
• Family or personal history of depression
• Infertility treatments
• Previous pregnancy loss
• Stressful life events
• Complications in pregnancy
• History of abuse or trauma

Can depression during pregnancy cause harm to my baby?

Depression that is not treated can have potential dangerous risks to the mother and baby. Untreated depression can lead to poor nutrition, drinking, smoking, and suicidal behavior, which can then cause premature birth, low birth weight, and developmental problems. A woman who is depressed often does not have the strength or desire to adequately care for herself or her developing baby. Babies born to mothers who are depressed may also be less active, show less attention and are more irritable and agitated than babies born to moms who are not depressed. This is why getting the right help is so important for both mom and baby.

What is the treatment for depression during pregnancy?

If you feel you may be struggling with depression, the most important thing is to seek help. Talk with your health care provider about your symptoms and struggles. Your health care provider wants the best for you and your baby and may discuss options with you for treatment. Treatment options for women who are pregnant can include:

• Support groups
• Private psychotherapy
• Medication
• Light therapy

Are there any safe medications to treat depression during pregnancy?

There is a lot of debate over the safety and long-term affects of antidepressant medications taken during pregnancy. Some research is now showing that certain medications used to treat depression may be linked to problems in newborns such as physical malformations, heart problems, pulmonary hypertension and low birth weight.

A woman with mild to moderate depression may be able to manage her symptoms with support groups, psychotherapy and light therapy. But if a pregnant woman is dealing with severe depression, a combination of psychotherapy and medication is usually recommended.

Women need to know that all medications will cross the placenta and reach their babies. There is not enough information about which drugs are entirely safe and which ones pose no risks. But when treating major depression, the risks and benefits need to be looked at closely. The medication that can offer the most help, with the smallest risk to baby should be considered carefully.

If medication seems like the best treatment for your depression, forming a collaborative treatment team can be the most helpful. This would include your prenatal care provider and your mental health provider. Ask questions of both about what will provide you with the best treatment but still protect your baby. Find out if you have options of medications and do research on both. What long term affects do they have? Is your baby likely to deal with withdrawal symptoms after birth? Is this medication linked to health problems in the newborn or developmental delays in the future? And always remember that you need to weigh out the possibilities of problems in the future versus the problems that can occur right now if your depression is not treated appropriately.

Are there any natural ways to treat depression during pregnancy?

With the controversy regarding the use of some antidepressants during pregnancy, many women are interested in other ways to help treat depression. As mentioned above, support groups, psychotherapy and light therapy are alternatives to using medication to treat mild to moderate depression. In addition to these, you may want to talk with your health care providers about some of the other natural ways to help relieve the symptoms of depression.

• Exercise--Exercise naturally increases serotonin levels and decreases cortisol levels.
• Get adequate rest--Lack of sleep greatly affects the body and mind's ability to handle stress and day to day challenges. Work on establishing a routine sleep schedule that has you going to sleep and getting up at the same time.
• Diet and Nutrition--Many foods have been linked to mood changes, the ability to handle stress and mental clarity. Diets high in caffeine, sugar, processed carbohydrates, artificial additives and low protein can all lead to issues regarding your mental and physical health. Make a conscious decision to start fueling your body with the foods that can help you feel better.
• Acupuncture-New studies report acupuncture to be a viable option in treating depression in pregnant women.
• Omega-3 fatty acids--For years its been know that omega-3 can help with a number of health issues, but the newest studies are showing that taking a daily supplement of omega-3/ fish oils can decrease symptoms of depression. Pregnant women would want to make sure to take a mercury free version of fish oil and check with their care provider or nutritionist on a recommended amount.
• Herbal remedies---There are a number of herbal and vitamin supplements known to affect moods and the hormone serotonin. Talk with your health care provider and nutritionist/ herbalist about the options of using St John's Wort, SAM-e, 5-HTP, magnesium, vitamin B6 and flower remedies. Many of these can not be used in conjunction with antidepressants and should be evaluated on the dosage for pregnant women.

If you do not feel comfortable talking with your health care provider about your feelings of depression, find someone else to talk with. The most important thing is that someone knows what you are dealing with and can try to help you. Never try to face depression alone. Your baby needs you to seek help and get treatment.

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Exercise May Fight Depression in Heart Failure

Exercise helps people with heart failure feel a bit better, physically and emotionally, a new study shows. It may also lower a person's risk of dying or winding up in the hospital.

Up to 40% of people with heart failure grapple with depression. The combination often leads to poor health outcomes. One study found seriously depressed people with heart failure were more than twice as likely to die or be hospitalized over the course of a year compared to other people with heart failure who weren't depressed.

"Whenever patients are more depressed, their motivation goes down. Their ability to keep up with their doctors' recommendations goes down. Their ability to get out and do basic physical activities like walking goes down," as does their health, says David A. Friedman, MD, chief of Heart Failure Services at North Shore-LIJ Plainview Hospital in New York. "It's a vicious cycle."

"This [study] ... shows a non-drug way to try to improve patients' mood and motivation. That's the best thing you can do," says Friedman, who was not involved in the research.

source:webmd.com

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Depression treatment tips:

• Learn as much as you can about your depression. It’s important to determine whether your depression symptoms are due to an underlying medical condition. If so, that condition will need to be treated first. The severity of your depression is also a factor. The more severe the depression, the more intensive the treatment you're likely to need.
• It takes time to find the right treatment. It might take some trial and error to find the treatment and support that works best for you. For example, if you decide to pursue therapy it may take a few attempts to find a therapist that you really click with. Or you may try an antidepressant, only to find that you don't need it if you take a daily half hour walk. Be open to change and a little experimentation.
• Don’t rely on medications alone. Although medication can relieve the symptoms of depression, it is not usually suitable for long-term use. Studies show that other treatments, including exercise and therapy, can be just as effective as medication, often even more so, but don't come with unwanted side effects. If you do decide to try medication, remember that medication works best when you make healthy lifestyle changes as well.
• Get social support. The more you cultivate your social connections, the more protected you are from depression. If you are feeling stuck, don’t hesitate to talk to trusted family members or friends, or seek out new connections at a depression support group, for example. Asking for help is not a sign of weakness.
• Treatment takes time and commitment. All of these depression treatments take time, and sometimes it might feel overwhelming or frustratingly slow. That is normal. Recovery usually has its ups and downs.

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